cipher

英 ['sa?f?] 美['sa?f?]

GRETOEFL擴(kuò)展詞匯

復(fù)數(shù):?ciphers;

cipher 密碼

來自阿拉伯語sifr,零，詞源同zero.因?yàn)楣湃嗽缙趯?shù)字零的認(rèn)識不足，該詞逐漸被賦予神秘色彩，詞義也由零引申為密碼。

cipher: cipher: [14] The central meaning of cipher is ‘zero’ (a word to which it is related); its use since the 16th century in connection with encrypted communications derives from the fact that in their earliest forms such codes usually consisted of numbers representing letters, and cipher had by then broadened in use from ‘nought’ to ‘a(chǎn)ny numeral’. It entered English through Old French cifre, which came via medieval Latin cifra from Arabic sifr (source of English zero); this was a nominal use of an adjective meaning ‘empty’.
=> zero
cipher (n.): late 14c., "arithmetical symbol for zero," from Old French cifre "nought, zero," Medieval Latin cifra, with Spanish and Italian cifra, ultimately from Arabic sifr "zero," literally "empty, nothing," from safara "to be empty;" loan-translation of Sanskrit sunya-s "empty." The word came to Europe with Arabic numerals. Originally in English "zero," then "any numeral" (early 15c.), then (first in French and Italian) "secret way of writing; coded message" (a sense first attested in English 1520s), because early codes often substituted numbers for letters. Klein says Modern French chiffre is from Italian cifra.
cipher (v.): "to do arithmetic" (with Arabic numerals), 1520s, from cipher (n.). Meaning "to write in code" is from 1560s. Related: Ciphered; ciphering.

2. All important plans were sent to the police in cipher.: 所有重要計(jì)劃均以密碼送往警方.

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